Hei Florian
Thanks for your feedback.
I will make a quick example to clarify the difference between the two-component types. Let's say you have an E-Commerce Store where the Header, the Footer as well as a Sidebar are available on every page. In this case, you should place those three components in the layout, additional you will add a placeholder via the children's prop on the component.
Then let's assume we have a products overview page, where all products from a specific category will be listed. In this case, you will make a template that is wrapped with the layout. As the children prop you then just add the component which renders the product list.
That's the explanation for the difference between layout and template.
Now to the difference between a template and a page. In most of my Projects, I had the case to display the same looking view with different data on different routes. That's why I split Templates and Pages. If you don't need this feel free to leave the omit the templates and add the stuff to the page, that's fine as well.